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When do you transplant peonies? Do you transplant them now or later? I have found that October is a much better time to divide your peonies. However, you can move them now if you only have a small group. Simply excavate a large amount of the soil surrounding the roots and move them to the desired location. You will more than likely encounter a little root damage when transplanting. Also, remember to be sure and add a lot of extra water.